HPV (Human Papilloma Virus)
Learn about HPV and work with your doctor to develop an appropriate screening and follow-up plan for your cervical health.
At Wellcare Laboratories, testing for 35 HPV genotypes is performed using the HPV Direct Flow CHIP method. This PCR-based test helps determine whether HPV DNA is present in the sample and which genotype the detected virus belongs to.
What is HPV?
HPV — Human Papillomavirus — is a common virus with many types that affects the skin and mucous membranes. It can occur in women and men; it is mainly transmitted through intimate sexual contact and may be present without causing symptoms.
Most HPV infections are controlled by the immune system. However, persistent infection with certain high-risk HPV types can lead to cellular changes and precancerous lesions over time. A positive HPV result does not mean that you have cancer.
Why is HPV important?
Nearly all cervical cancers are linked to persistent infection with cancer-associated HPV types. HPV 16 and HPV 18 are particularly important types in relation to cervical cancer.
Because HPV infection often causes no symptoms, feeling healthy does not remove the need for screening. Regular screening and further evaluation when necessary allow precancerous changes to be detected and treated early. HPV vaccination and an appropriate screening programme are key elements of cervical cancer prevention.
How is HPV transmitted?
HPV can be transmitted through vaginal, anal or oral sexual contact and close skin-to-skin contact involving the genital areas. Visible warts do not need to be present for transmission to occur.
Condom use reduces the risk of transmission; however, it does not provide complete protection because it does not cover all areas of skin that come into contact. An HPV test is not a general screening test for all sexually transmitted infections.
How should HPV screening be performed according to the guidelines?
The aim of cervical cancer screening is to identify risks before symptoms appear and ensure timely evaluation of precancerous cellular changes. The age at which screening begins and the testing interval are determined by your age, previous results and individual risk factors.
The following recommendations are for routine screening in asymptomatic individuals at average risk:
| Organisation / guideline | Age group | Screening recommendation |
|---|---|---|
| World Health Organization — WHO | From age 30 | HPV DNA-based screening every 5–10 years. |
| American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists — ACOG | Ages 21–29 | Pap smear every 3 years. |
| ACOG | Ages 30–65 | The preferred method is high-risk HPV testing every 5 years on a sample collected by a healthcare professional. Under appropriate circumstances, HPV + Pap smear every 5 years or Pap smear every 3 years may be alternatives. |
| US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention — CDC | Ages 21–29 | Pap smear every 3 years. |
| CDC | Ages 30–65 | HPV testing every 5 years, HPV + Pap smear every 5 years or Pap smear every 3 years, to be chosen in consultation with a doctor. |
WHO, ACOG and CDC recommendations may differ depending on the screening approach used. ACOG's 2026 recommendation prioritises primary high-risk HPV testing on a sample collected by a healthcare professional for ages 30–65; a Pap smear alone may be used when HPV-based options are unavailable or when it is chosen after an informed discussion.
These intervals apply to routine screening following normal or negative results. Individualised follow-up is required in the event of a positive HPV result, an abnormal Pap smear result or a history of precancerous lesions. The decision to stop screening after age 65 is also made following an assessment of previous results and risk status.
It is important that the test used for screening has been clinically validated for the relevant sample type and intended use. Summarising these guidelines here does not imply that any commercial test is endorsed by these organisations.
Which HPV test is performed at Wellcare?
Wellcare Laboratories uses the HPV Direct Flow CHIP test.
The method is based on amplification of HPV genetic material by multiplex PCR, followed by identification through reverse hybridisation using genotype-specific probes. This allows the presence of HPV and the detected type or types to be determined.
The test can also assess the presence of multiple HPV genotypes in the same sample. Genotype information helps your doctor interpret the result alongside your previous tests and other clinical findings.
Which HPV types are tested for?
The HPV Direct Flow CHIP panel includes the following 35 genotypes:
| Manufacturer's panel classification | HPV genotypes |
|---|---|
| 18 types listed in the high-risk group | 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73, 82 |
| 17 types listed in the low-risk group | 6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 55, 61, 62, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 81, 84 |
This grouping reflects the manufacturer's product description; not all types within the same group have the same association with cancer or the same clinical significance. Results are assessed in accordance with current guidelines and the individual's medical history.
Testing for 35 types does not mean that all 35 types are necessary for cervical cancer screening. What matters for screening is assessing cancer-associated HPV types using an appropriate method. Testing for low-risk types is not a fundamental requirement of routine cervical cancer screening.
What is the difference between an HPV test and a Pap smear?
An HPV DNA test detects the virus’s genetic material in the sample. A Pap smear assesses whether there are abnormal changes in cells collected from the cervix.
The two tests therefore provide different information. Depending on your age, previous results and the screening approach used, HPV testing may be used alone or planned alongside cytological assessment. If the HPV result is positive, a smear can help determine the next step.
Why have an HPV PCR test at Wellcare?
1- European-origin IVD technology
The HPV Direct Flow CHIP we use is a European-origin in vitro diagnostic technology. The manufacturer describes the product as intended for HPV DNA detection and genotyping. The test’s intended use and performance are assessed on the basis of the relevant product documentation.
2- ISO 13485 manufacturer quality system
The manufacturer has a quality management system certified under ISO 13485. This standard focuses on quality management and the relevant regulatory requirements in medical device design and manufacturing processes.
3- A method evaluated in peer-reviewed scientific publications
The HPV detection and genotyping performance of the HPV Direct Flow CHIP system has been examined in peer-reviewed scientific publications. These studies provide scientific data on the method’s performance with specific sample types and under specific study conditions.
4- Evaluation in WHO HPV LabNet proficiency studies
HPV Direct Flow CHIP has been among the methods used in WHO HPV LabNet international proficiency studies. These studies assess HPV genotyping performance using standard sample panels.
This evaluation provides external quality data on the method; it does not mean that the product has been approved by WHO or that it provides one hundred percent accuracy under all conditions.
5- Detailed information on 35 HPV genotypes
The broad genotype coverage allows the HPV types detected in the sample to be identified individually. This information helps your doctor assess the results and, where necessary, compare them with previous genotypes during follow-up.
6- ISO 15189-accredited Wellcare Laboratories
Wellcare Laboratories is a medical laboratory accredited to ISO 15189. Sample management, quality control processes and assessment of results by specialist physicians are just as important as the technology used in the testing service.
You can obtain up-to-date information from our laboratory about the tests and sites covered by the accreditation.
How is a sample collected for an HPV test?
For cervical assessment, the sample is usually a cell or swab sample collected from the cervix by an obstetrician-gynaecologist. The procedure is brief and may cause mild discomfort. A biopsy is not required for routine HPV testing.
You can obtain information about sample collection and preparation requirements from your doctor or our laboratory before your appointment.
What should you do if your HPV result is positive?
A positive result indicates that at least one of the HPV types covered by the test was detected in the sample collected. It is not, on its own, a diagnosis of cancer.
The next steps depend on the HPV genotype, smear result, age and previous tests. A positive result for HPV 16 or 18 generally requires colposcopic assessment. For other high-risk types, a follow-up test or colposcopy may be planned based on cytology and previous results. Detection of a low-risk HPV type does not require the same approach.
What does a negative HPV result mean?
A negative result indicates that the HPV types covered by the test were not detected in the sample collected. This result does not mean that an HPV infection will not develop in the future. The recommended screening programme should be continued; if you have symptoms, a medical assessment is needed despite a negative result.
Contact Wellcare for HPV testing in Northern Cyprus
You can contact our branches for information about the HPV DNA PCR test, sample acceptance requirements and appointments:
📍Nicosia — Wellcare Health Clinic
📍Nicosia — Miracle Hospital
📍Kyrenia — Medicalport Tunççevik Hospital
Determine the appropriate timing for screening for your cervical health with your doctor; review your results together with the recommended follow-up plan.
HPV (Human Papillomavirus, 35 subtypes)Cervical swab
- 18 High-Risk HPV genotypes: 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73 and 82.
- 17 Low-Risk HPV genotypes: 6, 11, 40, 42, 43, 44, 54, 55, 61, 62, 67, 69, 70, 71, 72, 81 and 84.
About HPV Testing
Frequently Asked Questions
Where can I have an HPV test in Northern Cyprus?
You can contact Wellcare Laboratories for HPV DNA PCR testing and identification of 35 genotypes in Northern Cyprus. You can obtain information about testing, sample collection and appointments from our branches at Wellcare Health Clinic and Miracle Hospital in Nicosia, and Medicalport Tunççevik Hospital in Kyrenia. Cervical sample collection is coordinated with your obstetrician-gynaecologist.
What is an HPV PCR test, and which HPV types does it detect?
The HPV PCR test detects Human Papillomavirus DNA in the sample collected. The test performed at Wellcare assesses 35 HPV genotypes: 6, 11, 16, 18, 26, 31, 33, 35, 39, 40, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 59, 61, 62, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 81 and 84. These types do not all have the same clinical significance; high-risk types associated with cancer are particularly important in determining the follow-up plan.
How is an HPV test performed? Is it a blood test, and is it painful?
HPV testing for cervical assessment is not performed on a blood sample. A cell sample is usually collected from the cervix using a small brush during a gynaecological examination. The procedure is brief; you may feel slight pressure or discomfort. A biopsy is not required for routine HPV testing. Your doctor can advise you on how to prepare before sample collection.
At what age should a PV test be performed, and how often should it be repeated?
According to ACOG and CDC recommendations, people at average risk are screened with a Pap smear every three years between the ages of 21–29. Between the ages of 30–65, HPV testing every five years is one of the appropriate screening options; ACOG recommends high-risk HPV testing on a sample collected by a healthcare professional as the preferred method. These intervals apply to routine screening following normal or negative results. If you have previous abnormal results or specific risk factors, your doctor will determine how often you need follow-up.
Are an HPV test and a Pap smear the same thing?
No. An HPV test looks for the virus's genetic material, while a Pap smear looks for abnormal changes in cervical cells. They therefore provide different information. Depending on your age, previous results and screening plan, they may be used alone or together. A normal smear result does not necessarily mean that HPV is absent.
Does a positive HPV test mean I have cancer?
No, a positive HPV result is not a cancer diagnosis. The result indicates that at least one of the HPV types targeted by the test has been detected in the sample. Follow-up is planned according to the genotype detected, your smear result and your previous tests. A positive result for HPV 16 or 18 generally requires colposcopic assessment, while the approach may differ for other types. It is important to discuss your result with your obstetrician-gynaecologist.
Could I need an HPV test if I have no symptoms or genital warts?
Yes. HPV infection can often be present without causing symptoms. The absence of genital warts does not mean that a high-risk HPV infection is absent. The need for cervical cancer screening is determined by your age, previous results and personal risk factors rather than by the presence of symptoms or warts. You should continue recommended screening even if you have no symptoms.
Should men also have an HPV test?
HPV can also occur in men; however, routine HPV screening is not recommended for all men without symptoms. The detection of HPV in a person's partner does not automatically mean that the man needs an HPV test. If genital warts, lesions or other symptoms are present, a medical examination is needed. In situations involving specific risks, assessment and any necessary tests are planned by the relevant specialist.
How much does an HPV test cost at Wellcare, and how long do results take?
At Wellcare Laboratories, results for HPV DNA PCR and 35-genotype testing are available within 2 working days. You can contact our Nicosia or Kyrenia branches for information about current test pricing, sample collection and appointments. Before your appointment, you can check whether additional services, such as an examination and a Pap smear, are included in the fee.
Why choose Wellcare Laboratories for an HPV test?
HPV analysis at Wellcare is provided using European-origin IVD technology, an ISO 13485-certified manufacturer quality system and assessment of 35 genotypes. The method used has been evaluated in peer-reviewed scientific publications and WHO HPV LabNet international proficiency studies. Wellcare's ISO 15189 accreditation and specialist physician assessment support its approach to laboratory service quality. You can contact our laboratory for information about the tests and locations covered by the accreditation.